Madagascar
IR business income (not capital gains). Small operators (turnover < MGA 400M) pay a synthetic ~5% of turnover (often reduced) with low minimum tax; larger ones pay 20% on net profit.
Business income tax (Impôt sur les Revenus, IR) - NOT capital gains; independent profit-share is IR business income, distinct from salary tax (IRSA).
IR at 20% on net profit for turnover >= MGA 400M; below that, a synthetic tax at 5% of turnover (with up to 70% reduction); minimum tax MGA 16,000-150,000.
CNaPS for employees; independents generally outside mandatory payroll social charges on IR income.
Synthetic/IR regime by turnover band; most individual traders fall under the synthetic 5%-of-turnover regime below MGA 400M.
No specific crypto tax regime; USDC payouts valued in MGA are ordinary IR business income.